Introduction: The association of diabetes and pregnancy is associated with a significantly higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with maternal diabetes at the Issaka Gazoby Maternity Hospital in Niamey. Methodology: This was a prospective case-control study conducted from April to September 2021 at the Issaka Gazoby Maternity Hospital in Niamey. “Cases” were neonates born to diabetic mothers, and “controls” were neonates born to non-diabetic mothers. The main dependent variable was the occurrence of perinatal complications. Analysis was performed using Epi info software 7.2.1. Pearson’s Chi2 test or Fisher’s exact test were used (p < 0.05). The Odds Ratio (OR) and its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were used to quantify risk. Results: Of the 2,225 admissions during the study period, 31 newborns were born to diabetic mothers (1.4%). Diabetic mothers were 2.8 times more likely to have a history of abortion (67.7% vs. 28.6%; OR = 2.82; p = 0.001). Similarly, a history of macrosomia was found in 29.0% of diabetic mothers versus 9.5% of controls (OR = 2.15; p = 0.01). Macrosomia was also more common in newborns of diabetic mothers (38.7% vs. 9.5%; OR = 2.63; p < 0.01). Three (3) cases of congenital malformations were only observed in newborns of diabetic mothers (p = 0.03). Neonatal mortality was not significant (OR = 0.85; p = 0.43). Conclusion: The risks of ante- and perinatal complications such as abortion, fetal macrosomia and stillbirth, as well as neonatal pathological events (macrosomia and malformations) were greater in newborns of diabetic mothers.
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